Equip your net: Select the Bug Net from your tool wheel. You cannot catch bugs with any other tool, and bare-handed attempts do nothing. The net must be in your active hand slot.
Approach slowly: Bugs have a detection radius of approximately 5 tiles. Sprinting inside this radius triggers their flee animation and they vanish instantly. Always hold the walk button when you see a bug. Crouching (hold the sneak button) reduces your detection radius to 3 tiles, giving you more room to maneuver.
Timing window: Once you are within swing range (2 tiles), press the action button to swing the net. Common bugs give you about 3 seconds before they fly away naturally. Uncommon bugs stay for 2 seconds. Rare bugs allow only 1.5 seconds, and the Legendary Golden Scarab gives you barely 1 second. Missing your swing costs 1 durability and the bug flees.
Net durability: The basic Bug Net has 100 durability. Every swing costs 1 point regardless of whether you hit or miss. At 0 durability the net breaks and disappears from your inventory. Repair at the blacksmith costs 50g, or upgrade to the Reinforced Net (250 durability, 500g) or Silver Net (unlimited durability, 1,500g) for long-term savings.